Assignment PMO 2020-23 BCA - Technology369kk

What is Management? 

Management is a process of getting things done with the aim of achieving goals effectively and efficiently it called management.

Explain details in this post of management thought. You can create this type of assignment

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In other word definition of management: - Management is a process of planning, decision making, organizing, leading, motivation and controlling the human information resources of an organization to reach its goals efficiently and effectively.

Organization: - Org is a group of persons working together from a common purpose.

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MANAGEMENT THOUGHTS: - Many management experts have tried to define management, let us discuss some of the leading definitions of management.

Peter F. Drucker (1905-2005): - He was a father of modern management and his book name ‘The Practice of Management ‘, according to this management is a multi - purpose used in organization and that is used manages everything performs work uses business and managers manages workers and work.

Lillian Gilbreth (1878-1972): - He was a mother of modern management with her husband Frank Gilbreth (1868-19724) was a pioneer professor of classical school and his work with F.W. Taylor.

                                              Lillian was a first lady of management and a psychologist, according to this management is a motions/thought, because motion you can’t performance anything work, every work before doing first mention our mind what to do but every person thought different-different.

                                              For example: - I’m a bike rider let me front stopes very group of person then a situation but what do next like let break down or not, so this time depend me so this is called every work doing time depend on situation. Then we can say that this is psychologist person.

F.W. Taylor (1856-1915): - He is known as father of scientific management in the modern age from American Engineer and given ideas in his book ‘Principle of Scientific Management’, published in 1911, according to this Management as a science by standards established by facts or truth gained through systematic observation, experiments, or reasoning.

                                            Taylor is called everything work doing time use Scientific method and he was applied from operative level, from bottom to upward. The main aim of Taylor - to improve labor productivity and to eliminate all type of waste through standardization of work and tool. then we can called scientific management does not give one best way for solving problems.

                                            Taylor concluded that scientific management involves a completer mental revolution on the part of both workers and management, without this mental revolution scientific management does not exist.

Henry Fayol (1841-1925): - He is known as the Father of principles of management in the modern age according to this management is to forecast and plan, org, co -ordinating and controlling. Henry Fayol gave this definition of management in his book ‘Industrial of General Administration’.

                                             Fayol has been developed by body of principles of management and he was Wrote perceptibly on the basis of his practical experience as a manager. Fayol written 14 principles of method which include (Authority and responsibility, Unity of command, Direction, Division of work ……. Esprit the crops and equity) 

Fayol thought of human aspect Fayol pays due regards on human element. E.g. Principle of initiative, Esprit De Corps and Equity recognizes a need for human relations.

Fayol achievement Administrative management because he held that there is a single "administrative science", whose principles can be used in all management situations no matter what kind of organization was being managed. So we can say at last father of principal of management was Henry Fayol.

Harold Koontz (1909-1984): - According to this Management is an art of getting things done and with people in formally organized groups, and his defined our book ‘The Management Theory Jungle’.

According to Harold Management is the creation and

maintenance of an internal environment in an enterprise where individuals, working in groups, can perform efficiently and effectively toward the attainment of group goals.

Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933): - He was a social worker philosopher and pioneer in the fields of organization, according to this management is an art of getting things done through people, and he say that talent and knowledge. What danger for other person of talent, of course not it is important, but same area talent is not accept like India and Pakistan.

                                           This definition defined difference between manager and other personnel of an organization. A manager is one who contributes to the organization’s goals indirectly by directing the efforts of others – not by performing the task himself. On the other hand, a person who is not a manager makes his contribution to the organization’s goals directly by performing the task himself.

                                           Mary Parker called One of the first to recognize that organization could be viewed from the perspective of individual and group behavior Proposed more people-oriented ideas than scientific management followers - Thought organizations should be based on group ethic

George R. Terry (1909-1979): - He was an American management author, Professor of Business at bell well University and 14th president of the Academy of management and his 1st books entitled Principal of management and 2nd book office management of control, according to this Management is not people; it is an activity like walking, reading, swimming or running. People who perform manage can be designated as members, members of Management or executive leaders.

George McFarland (1928-1993): - He was an American actor most famous for his appearances as a child as spank in the Our Gang series of short-subject comedies of the 1930s and 1940s. 

                                             According to this Management is defined for conceptual, theoretical and analytical purposes as that process by which managers create direct, maintain and operate purposive organization through systematic, coordinated co-operative human effort.

Charles Babbage (1792-1871): - He was a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University from 1828-39 in England. He like Adam Smith rule and he wrote 9 books and over 70 paper on math, science and philosophy, but his best book ‘On the Economy of Machinery’ published in 1832.

                                                   According to this management is just like a observation, because he visited many factories in England and France that manufacture were totally unscientific but most of their work is completed guess work. So he can say that every work done you just like guess. 

                                                 For example: - 2+2=4 this word just like observation.

He say three important word: - 1. Labor of skills. 2.Profit sharing and 3. Feasibility of replacing manual operations with machines.

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970): - He was a psychologist from American he is creating hierarchy of five needs for human: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self- actualization. 

                                                 According to Maslow management find according to needs motivate of human, he say that human of problems so going to other area doing work, not enjoy for other city going and all explain in this five needs.

Douglas McGregor (1906-1964): - He was an American Management professor of the MIT Sloan college and taught at the Indian collage Institute of Management, and his book ‘The Human Side of Enterprise’, according to this book developed by social psychological theory of two Theory X and Theory Y.

                                               According to this Theory suggest of Management in org doing work two types of person Theory X and Theory Y, this time handle or convention accept knowledge of manger.

THEORY X: - Theory X is a negative person and attitudes, that man was lazy and work was bad were both pessimistic and counterproductive. Theory X assumes that people have little ambition, dislike work, want to avoid responsibility, and need to be closely supervised to work effectively.

THEORY Y: - Theory Y is a Positive person, view positive and self-motivated person, that man was hard work and intelligent. Theory Y always ready for new challenges accept and want to work anytime, assuming that people can exercise self-direction, accept responsibility and consider work to be as natural as rest of play.

McGregor given that this Theory according how can handle of worker.

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